Restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behavior is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Such behavior can manifest as self-injurious behavior, including head banging and self-directed biting and punching. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be effective for the most severe forms of self-injurious behavior that are unresponsive to traditional pharmacological and behavioral therapies. However, ECT has a number of drawbacks that make it a less-than-ideal treatment strategy. Here, SFARI Investigator Irving Reti and his colleagues assessed whether a more targeted brain stimulation strategy would prove beneficial. They found that high-frequency stimulation at the subthalamic nucleus significantly suppressed excessive self-grooming in two genetic mouse models of ASD, with the effects persisting for several days after the stimulation was stopped. These results raise the possibility that deep brain stimulation may be effective as a treatment for intractable self-injurious behavior associated with ASDs. Further studies may lead to the identification of other brain pathways that are amenable to modulation by non-invasive stimulatory techniques.