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SFARI-Gene-Article2.jpg: Mousy mutants: An autism gene database provides a list of candidate mouse models for the disorder.
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PSD-Proteome-Article2.jpg: Dense directors: A complex located at the junctions between neurons contains proteins linked to autism.
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Storm-Article.jpg: High definition: A new method called STORM resolves the relative orientation of tagged molecules (right). Traditional light microscopy (left) cannot distinguish molecules in close proximity.
Post-Mortem-Brain-Article.jpg: Precious resource: Postmortem brains from people with autism provide valuable information, including DNA that is of high enough quality for sequencing.
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Optogenetics-Article2.jpg: Deisseroth Lab Beaming brains: Optogenetics, which uses light to activate neurons, allows neuroscientists to study specific circuits one at a time.
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Circuits-Article2.jpg: Linked lines: Neurons that can both activate (purple) and inhibit (blue) signals in the brain interact with each other in complex circuits.
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siRNA-Article.jpg: Express delivery: Researchers can use bubbles of cellular membrane, called exosomes, to carry therapies into the brain.
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SZ-IPS-Article.jpg: Induced irregularities: Neurons made by reprogramming skin cells from individuals with schizophrenia make fewer connections.
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Circuits2-Article.jpg: Brain network: Neurons connect with each other in large circuits that communicate related information.
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Mouse-Phenomics-Article2.jpg: Computer mouse: Bioinformatics tools have fingered four mouse strains as potential models for autism.
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Multiplexing-Article2.jpg: Jancke/RUB Activity wave: When an animal looks at a graphical image (black and white lines), its brain processes orientation (red shapes) and movement (color dots) at the same time.
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Amygdala-Segmentation-Article.jpg: Divide and conquer: By tracing brain connectivity, a new technique can define sub-regions of the amygdala (bottom), matching the outlines made by more labor-intensive methods (top).
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Zebrafish-Article.jpg: zfishbook.org Fish traps: About one-third of the genes identified by a new 'gene trap' method are expressed in the brain and nervous system of the zebrafish.
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Hidden-Code-Article.jpg: Cracked code: A mathematical algorithm makes it possible for researchers to see how one image changes the brain response to another one that follows it.
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Video-Surveillance-Article.jpg: Complete capture: Video cameras in the home could capture subtle behavioral features that parents miss.
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Database-resize-Article.jpg: Family tree: Mice used in most research labs are primarily derived from just one subspecies of Mus musculus.
Stem-Cell-Neurons-Article.jpg: Don’t pass ‘Go:’ Researchers have identified the proteins needed to transform human skin cells directly into neurons.
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TMS-Article.jpg: Force field: A strong magnet placed on the skull of an awake individual harmlessly disrupts brain activity.
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VAAST-Article.jpg: Genetic culprit: The newly discovered Ogden’s disease is caused by variants in a single gene, according to a new computer algorithm.
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Speed-Brain-Signals-Article2.jpg: Blowing bubbles: Neurons communicate by releasing pockets of membrane filled with chemical messengers.
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Virtual-Reality-Article2.jpg: Tunnel vision: When standing inside a virtual moving tunnel, adolescents with autism don't sway back and forth as much as controls do.
modified neurons: Permanent marker: Stem cells modified with artificial fluorescent amino acids can differentiate into functional, glowing neurons.
scientists diverse mouse strains: Founding fathers: Using just eight strains of mice, the Collaborative Cross initiative is planning to generate thousands of strains of genetically diverse mice.
eichler cnvs: Disease pattern: A map of the genetic changes associated with developmental disabilities will help researchers find new disease associations.
playground toolbox: Playground games: A new questionnaire measures social ability based on children’s interactions during recess.
fmri head movement: Head strong: Movements of the head can affect activity in the default network, a brain circuit that has been tied to autism.
prader willi: Complex culprit: Mutations in the same genetic region can lead to Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome or autism.
social interaction article: Social skills: How children with autism interact with their caregivers and peers can distinguish them from children with other developmental delays.
3-d dendrite article: Family trees: The dendrites of different interneurons, which calm signals in the brain, have some core features in common.
optogenetics toolbox article: Deisseroth lab Remote control: Fiber-optic probes can control the behavior of mouse strains that carry permanently inserted genes for light-sensitive proteins.
see through mouse brains: Gummy mice: After soaking for two weeks in a simple chemical cocktail, mouse embryos become transparent.
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RNA-Seq: Distinct path: About 6,000 genes show changes in their levels of expression as stem cells differentiate into neurons.
Amygdala Imaging: Emotional center: The amygdala, a brain region that regulates fear, is difficult to scan because of its small size and proximity to other regions.
expression postmortem assay: BioMed Central Good fit: A technique sequences degraded RNA (right) better than an older method does (left).
mouse genetic blueprint: Mouse library: Researchers have catalogued millions of DNA variants in mice.
cre gaba toolbox: Lit location: New mouse lines allow researchers to restrict the expression of a fluorescent protein to an autism-associated family of neurons.
iPSCells Rett toolbox article: Shrunken cells: Neurons derived from stem cells that have a mutation in the Rett syndrome gene (above) are smaller than controls (top).
homozygous haplotype chromosomes: Paired regions: Researchers can hone in on subsets of gene variants that are inherited together to discover new autism candidate genes.
synapse assay toolbox: Organized array: By culturing cells on specialized plates, researchers can scale up an assay to screen for drugs that affect synapse formation.
mobile eye tracking article image: Making tracks: Toddlers happily wear a new eye-tracking device as they play in a room filled with toys.
blood spot image: Blood simple: DNA extracted from dried blood spots may quickly and accurately detect fragile X syndrome.
transcriptome brain image: Gray's anatomy: Researchers are tracking the expression of genes in 16 regions of the human brain.
Autism KB article image: Ranked resource: AutismKB lists studies that associate candidate genes with autism and rates them on the strength of the evidence.
mirna mouse brains image: Functional fragments: The levels of microRNAs vary between neurons that activate brain signals and those that inhibit them.
two photon article image: Big picture: A new instrument automatically slices mouse brains into sections, and then photographs and reassembles them into a whole-brain image.
3D fly brain image: Mini model: Fruit flies have fewer genes than people do, but carry versions of 75 percent of human disease-causing genes.
prefrontal cortex methylation article image: Time span: A study of 108 postmortem brains suggests that methylation patterns in the brain are distinct at different ages.
kanwisher head motion image: Happy helmet: Researchers have created child-friendly MRI devices that look like Homer Simpson.
genotype phenotype drosophila: Genetic fitness: Hundreds of genetic variants modulate fly traits that influence the flies' survival in the wild.
rodent models article image: Alternate route: Basic neurological deficits, such as a propensity for seizures, may be as useful for studying mouse models of autism as are assays of social behavior, researchers say.
spliceman article image: Jigsaw puzzle: Genetic variants can disrupt a regulatory process that removes some stretches of the genetic message that codes for protein.
ips blood cells toolbox image: Blood drive: Researchers can make stem cells from blood cells, avoiding the need for painful skin biopsies.
primate neocortex article image: Brain slice: Researchers have sectioned the neocortex of rhesus macaques to identify layer-specific patterns of gene expression.
mouse profile image toolbox: Institut Pasteur, University of Paris-Orsay and CNRS Side step: A new software tool can detect when mice interact, what direction they are facing and which mouse initiated the contact.
capsaicin neurons article image: Hot stuff: Mice lacking the receptor for the protein that gives chilies their heat will eat even the hottest pepper.
microrna toolbox article image: Indigo tracker: Replacing small regulatory molecules called microRNAs with a blue protein shows that some of them (middle row) are expressed in the central nervous system during development.
schiz biomarkers article image: Blood ties: The levels of 34 molecules in the blood can distinguish most individuals with schizophrenia from controls and from people with Asperger syndrome.
sirna microsponges article image: Self assembly: Sponge-like structures of inhibitory RNA start as long strands, then fold into flat streets and finally ball up into individual complexes.
fmri article image left: Brain teaser: Although commonly used, functional magnetic resonance imaging offers only an indirect measure of neuronal activity.
robot cells article image: Sputnik Animation, McGovern Institute Clear results: A glass pipette carefully placed next to the cell wall of a neuron can record the strength of its signals.
network classifiers image article: Click to enlarge image Cross linkers: Genes implicated in autism (green) and intellectual disability (blue) function in interconnected pathways, according to a network analysis.
Radio Waves article image: Remote control: Radio waves can penetrate deep into tissues, making them an ideal tool for manipulating cellular signals.
ph tomato article image: Crimson stems: A red molecule that fluoresces when neurons send chemical messages overlaps at active junctions (for example, 3 in the picture above) with a green indicator that lights up when partner neurons receive signals.
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mouse wheel running article image: Repeat run: An autism mouse model shows as much interest in a wheel that has been broken for three days as in another mouse placed in its cage.
mouse brain connectome architecture article image: Light transfer: Fluorescent tracers injected into regions of the mouse brain show the flow of information across neuronal circuits.
GWAS Toolbox article image: Click to enlarge image Nat. Neurosci. Remote control: Genetic variants associated with autism can affect the expression of genes that are either nearby (in cis) or remote (in trans).
radio id rats article image: Radio waves: Researchers can use different frequencies of radio waves combined with video footage to track social interactions between mice.
c elegans article image: Slippery subject: The worm Caenorhabditis elegans has a small and fully mapped brain, making it a good model for studying human neurological disorders.
optogenetics article image: Bright response: Beams of light can open ion channels engineered into membranes, turning neuronal activity on or off.

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