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Double trouble: The 1977 paper on identical twins helped establish the importance of genetics in autism.
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Face to face: Shown random face regions, 'aloof' parents of children with autism rely on mouths rather than on eyes to read emotions.
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Micro effects: Representative microRNAs are differentially expressed in a 6-year-old (left), an 11-year-old (center) and a 13-year-old, all with autism and compared with age-matched controls. Up-regulated miRNAs are in red and down-regulated ones in green.
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Extreme male brain: Could high levels of male sex hormones in the womb explain the 'systemizing' behavior seen in those with autism?
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Coping trouble: Mice that lack FKBP12 in their brains late in development have difficulty learning new ways to solve a task.
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Puzzling results: Duplication of a region on chromosome 15 has different effects in different people.
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Fine focus: At least a dozen companies are developing tests that promise to detect autism-related genetic changes.
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Chemical attraction: There are many theories about the role of the environment in autism, but few biological explanations.
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Bigger heads: In mice that lack PTEN in a small subset of neurons, the cerebral cortex is thicker and the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus is larger.
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iStockphoto
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Damped down: There are far fewer GABAergic synapses in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons in which Npas4 is knocked down by RNAi (top right) compared with control neurons (bottom right).
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Vital vitamin: Giving children with autism folinic acid, an active form of the B vitamin folate, appears to improve their neurological function.
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Christa Lese Martin
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Under cover: Too little sunlight ― leading to vitamin D deficiency ― may be to blame for higher rates of autism among Somali children. Photo: MPR/Roseanne Pereira
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Guts and glory: Given the unconventional approach to his own life, it's no surprise Raphael Bernier is focused on the atypical brain signals seen in people with autism.
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Geraldine Dawson
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Disease signal: The serotonin receptor SERT is less active in the medial frontal cortex (bottom right) in a 12-year-old child with autism than in controls.
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Have we met before? Mice lacking the NF1 gene spend as much time sniffing a new mouse as they do a familiar mouse, and could serve as a good model for autism.
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Face to face: Imaging studies reveal that in people with autism, brain regions involved in face processing are weakly connected.
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How do I ape thee: Children with autism rely on 'action-constrained' neurons to perceive others' actions, scientists say.
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